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thinking skillsNon-Verbal Reasoningcore
Pattern Recognition
Identify rules and sequences in visual patterns to predict the next item or find the odd one out.
Key Ideas
- Look for changes in: Shape, Size, Colour/Shading, Number, Position, and Orientation (Rotation/Reflection).
- Use the mnemonic 'SCANSPO' (Shape, Colour, Arrangement, Number, Size, Position, Orientation).
- Check if elements are moving clockwise or anti-clockwise.
- Look for alternating patterns (e.g., black, white, black, white).
Worked Examples
Example 1
A square rotates 90 degrees clockwise in each step. It starts at the top. Where is it after 3 steps?
Explanation
Start: Top (12 o'clock).
Step 1: 90° clockwise -> Right (3 o'clock).
Step 2: 90° clockwise -> Bottom (6 o'clock).
Step 3: 90° clockwise -> Left (9 o'clock).
Answer: The square is on the left.
Ready to Practice?
Common Mistakes
- ×Focusing on too many elements at once. Pick one element and track it through the sequence.
- ×Confusing clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation.
Exam Tip
"Draw the next step yourself before looking at the options to avoid being distracted by wrong answers."